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中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

  中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。

  2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

  日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

  日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

  事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。

  因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。

  日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

  《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

  德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

  日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

  国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。

  太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。

  Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

  By John Lee

  (ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

  Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

  The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

  On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

  The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

  In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

  Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

  The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

  The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

  The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

  According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

  As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

  However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

  Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

  The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

  If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.

 

  • 雪具装备国产化的风口已来临?******

      欣苒第一次接触滑雪是在2015年,“那是北京成功申办冬奥会的第一个雪季,和朋友到北京南山滑雪场开启了滑雪‘初体验’。我们在羽绒服上贴了暖宝宝,雪鞋和雪板也是租的。”这个雪季,欣苒在崇礼万龙滑雪场完成了“开板”仪式,此时她已装备齐全,雪服亮眼。欣苒表示,自己大部分装备都是国产品牌。滑雪装备主要覆盖了滑雪服、雪板、固定器、雪鞋、头盔、雪镜、手套等,全套下来价格在几千元到几万元不等。“我第一套滑雪服是国外品牌,仅衣服和裤子就花费近万元。现在国内专门做滑雪装备的品牌逐渐多了起来,雪服的价格自然是亲民又划算,每个雪季前都会去磁器口挑选新雪季的‘皮肤’。”

      进口滑雪装备五千元起,国产品牌配齐只需两千元

      1月10日,新京报贝壳财经记者来到北京磁器口“雪具大厅”,三层楼高的建筑中,雪具店几乎充斥着每个角落。虽是工作日,但前来采购的滑雪爱好者同样络绎不绝。在二层的冷山雪具店中,李宁滑雪服占据着店铺货架的显眼位置。“这几款雪服到货量不多,刚上架就卖出去好几套,现在码已经不全了。”店员介绍道。

      一对情侣从多款滑雪手套中挑选了一副国货,他们告诉新京报贝壳财经记者,“舒适度挺不错,还带护腕,这款一百块左右,而国外品牌则要贵三四倍。”正在选购护具的李女士则表示,现在越来越多的雪友倾向选择国产品牌配件,“性价比高太多了。”在冷山雪具店不远的雪上飞雪具店,将三款国产单板摆在店铺的橱窗内,每款单价在1000元左右。据店主介绍,之前店铺以零售欧美品牌为主,受到冬奥冰雪热的影响,公司也开始生产自己品牌的单板,瞄准滑雪入门级爱好者。“配齐一套进口的单板、固定器和单板鞋大约5000元起,而一套国产品牌配齐只需2000多元。”

      虽然在滑雪服、滑雪配件方面,国产品牌崭露头角,但在硬核装备的选择上,伯顿(Burton)、Capita等国际品牌则更受欢迎。一位资深滑雪爱好者认为,目前国产滑雪装备更多以性价比占领一定市场,但是像雪板、头盔等装备,欧美品牌在设计、安全性及知名度等方面可能会更有优势,“不过对于大多数初级玩家来说,其实也体验不出太大差别。”

      全球超90%滑雪装备需求,由中国供应链支撑

      然而,支撑起整个国际装备市场的却是中国供应链。公开资料显示,中国贴牌代工支撑了全球超过90%的滑雪装备需求。以伯顿雪板为例,这个创始于1977年的美国品牌在滑雪界知名度颇高,目前天猫上一块雪板售价在3000至6000元不等。该品牌曾在公开采访中表示,到2018年,其大部分雪板都是中国制造的,只有部分高端产品线由奥地利生产。伯顿在中国的代工厂也逐渐增多,据官网资料显示,该品牌的雪鞋生产工厂设在湖南郴州,部分雪板工厂位于江苏昆山,而连接雪鞋与雪板的固定器工厂则设在广东深圳。另有媒体报道,山东嘉祥是全国最大的滑雪手套生产基地,年产手套600多万打,年销售额15亿元,拥有上千种手套产品的生产加工能力及60余项专利产品。中国市场的滑雪手套六成以上来自这里,其出口量也占行业出口总量的76.38%。

      当曾经的小众冰雪运动开始转变成为大众消费后,雪具装备国产化的风口也逐渐来临。据CBNData联合天猫体育发布的《2020冬季新活力生活趋势报告》显示,去年12月里,滑雪装备的销量同比上涨了13倍,南恩、Nobaday等国产新锐品牌,集体进入“十大Z时代喜爱冰雪品牌榜单”。资本市场也同样向着这条赛道靠拢。2020年4月,高瓴资本与伯顿成立合资公司;2014年成立的奥雪文化,以自媒体起家推出“零夏”和“Nobaday”两大滑雪品牌后,于2021年先后完成了两笔融资;2021年2月4日,滑雪垂直领域互联网服务商去滑雪(GOSKI)宣布获得2000万元人民币的A+轮融资,去滑雪的负责人表示公司将把关注点放在原创滑雪装备上。

      智研咨询发布的《2021-2027年中国滑雪装备行业市场发展模式及战略咨询研究报告》数据显示,2014年,我国的滑雪装备行业市场规模为32.2亿元,到2020年这一规模已拓展至126.9亿元,年复合增长率超25%。不过,未来中国滑雪品牌能否在行业中站稳“脚跟”,仍需品牌的努力及市场的检验。

      新京报贝壳财经记者 于梦儿

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