温暖回家路丨春运首日“护龙人”：每天弯腰、蹲起上千次为运输安全保驾护航******
大河网讯 1月7日，春运首日，阳光明媚。在中国铁路郑州局集团公司郑州车辆段南五里堡客车整备场，一列列精检细修、整装待发的客车像一条条绿色长龙，等待着开往“美丽的春天”。繁忙的整备场，穿着工装、戴着口罩的客车检车员们不停穿梭在车体间，他们就是——春运里的“护龙人”。
每年春运，铁路部门都要对郑州局集团公司所有配属的旅客列车进行客车大整修，迅速修复各种不良隐患，并重点从防燃轴切轴、防客车火灾、防列车分离、防制动故障、防运行品质不良、防配件脱落入手，为客车查找病灶，整治病害，补充营养，强壮筋骨。
随着新冠疫情防控形势向好，企业复工复产加速，不少列车已重新投入使用。郑州车辆段是郑州局集团有限公司唯一的普速客车检修单位，担负着67列1139辆图定列车车辆的日常检查、故障处理和技术保养等繁重任务，确保这些即将“开往春天”的列车行车安全。根据测算，这个段除保证图定客车正常开行外，还需编组临客车底29组526辆。
为此，春运期间，这个段紧密围绕客车车体运用实际，科学调配检修计划，实施车辆检修定人、定责、定标的管理制度，统一车辆整修标准，对图定客车和临客列车进行全面整备。
李俊，郑州车辆段库检车间青年突击队检车员，作为一名“00后”，李俊的主要工作就是对进入客整所的客车车体进行逐辆检查，确保车辆各部件状态良好。今年是他经历的第二个春运，1月7日，李俊正在检查一列209P转向架型号的车体，他左胸前挎着的一台对讲机不断传出指令，右手提着一把点检锤，木质的锤把已乌黑锃亮，尖尖的锤头也已经被磨圆。
李俊熟练地探入车底，脑袋探进侧架内侧，提起点检锤“滴滴答答”地敲击着转向架摇枕，静静地辨识着金属撞击的声音，整个过程不停地变换姿势，眼睛像鹰一样巡查着每一个部件。通过眼看、耳听、手拉、指摸等方式，找出列车的“病因”，及时修正。
李俊说：“在定岗前，师傅告诉我这种车型检查重点主要在车体下部组件，需要仔细敲击部件，听音辨别部件是否存在问题，如遇问题部件要及时处理，并再次确认修复后的部件状态良好。尤其是春运期间，列车疲劳运行更易引发各种不良隐患，作为检车员更应该严格按照标准，做到精检细修。”
不一会，李俊从车底钻出，嘴里默念一句：“敲击声音未见异常，该车状态良好。”接着向下一辆车走去。因行车安全需要，客车车体检查作业都是在露天场所开展，场内没有树木、没有任何可以遮挡的设施。春运期间，室外温度最低将达到零下10摄氏度。检车员长时间的室外作业，每天行走的步数通常在两三万步，用检点锤敲击的次数达到上万次，弯腰、蹲起的次数多达上千次。
据了解，郑州车辆段以客车电采暖系统、制动系统检查整治为重点，紧盯关键补强短板。在客整场库停期间，组织作业班组对易冻覆冰部位和制动系统供风管路实施全面防寒检查，对车内空调、伴热装置等重要设施逐一检查。针对近期气温骤降的实际，组织作业人员及时供电供暖，为夜间停放的客车保暖驱寒，确保次日安全出库、上线良好运行。
围绕春运客车安全，突出大部件脱落、防溜等安全关键，开展安全隐患排查整治，加大对关键岗位、关键作业、关键部位的检查盯控力度，在全面做好列车转向架、塞拉门、车内服务设施等关键部位日常巡检的基础上，重点对车上车下的供水管路和用水设施进行全面平推检查。
春运期间，这个段结合春运开行方案，提高作业人员的应急处置能力，从严从细做好应急故障的判断和处置，为假期运输安全保驾护航。（记者 祝传鹏 通讯员 刘雨）
中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。
因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。
日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
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